Flanges and fittings are essential components in piping systems that enable the connection of pipes, valves, and pumps of different sizes, shapes, and materials. Flanges are flat or raised rings with bolt holes that are attached to the ends of pipes or valves, creating a tight seal and facilitating the connection to other components. Fittings are used to join pipes, change the direction of flow, or regulate the flow of fluids.

There are different types of flanges and fittings, each designed for specific applications and environments. Some common types of flanges include slip-on flanges, weld-neck flanges, blind flanges, and threaded flanges. Some common types of fittings include elbows, tees, reducers, and couplings.

Flanges and fittings are critical in many industries, including oil and gas, chemical processing, water treatment, and power generation. They must be designed and installed properly to ensure the safe and efficient operation of piping systems. Proper maintenance and inspection are also crucial to ensure that the flanges and fittings remain in good condition and prevent leaks or failures.